A Polynesian tattoo is traditionally called “tatau” in Samoan, “moko” in Māori, “kakau” in Hawaiian, and “tatau/pe’a/malu” for specific Samoan forms. Collectively, many people use the term “Polynesian tattoo” to describe the interconnected tattoo traditions of Polynesia, but each culture has its own name, motifs, tools, placement rules, and meanings. Understanding these distinctions is essential if you’re researching or planning a polynesian tattoo.
Primary names and cultural contexts
- Samoa: Tatau is the practice; the pe’a is the male body suit from waist to knee, and the malu is the female counterpart emphasizing the thighs. The tufuga (master) applies the work using hand-tapping.
- Māori (Aotearoa New Zealand): Tā moko refers to the practice; moko kauae is the female chin tattoo and mataora is facial tattooing for men. Kirituhi describes “skin art” inspired by tā moko but not tied to genealogy.
- Hawaii: Kakau is the traditional term for Hawaiian tattooing, historically applied with bone combs and tapping techniques.
- Marquesas: Patutiki or tatau denotes intricate, body-covering patterns distinctive to the Marquesan islands.
- Tonga and Tahiti: Tatau and tātatau are used, with region-specific motifs and placement conventions.
What makes a polynesian tattoo unique
- Genealogy and identity: Many designs encode lineage, social status, achievements, and spiritual beliefs.
- Motif language: Sharks, lizards, birds, spearheads, enata (human figures), koru/ferns, waves, and protective patterns each carry culturally specific meanings.
- Placement rules: Panels are mapped to the body with intentional symmetry and flow; certain placements can be tapu (sacred) or carry responsibilities.
- Traditional technique: Hand-tapped tools (au/iau/ıu) made from bone, tusk, or shell create rhythmic patterns and deep cultural ritual.
Cultural respect and accuracy
- Use the right term: Refer to the specific culture when possible—tā moko (Māori), tatau (Samoa), kakau (Hawaii), patutiki (Marquesas)—rather than a generic “polynesian tattoo.”
- Seek expert guidance: Work with artists from the culture or trained respectfully in those traditions. They can tailor motifs to your story without misusing sacred symbols.
- Avoid appropriation: Some elements—especially facial moko or designs tied to genealogy—are not appropriate for outsiders. Kirituhi (Māori-inspired open designs) is a respectful alternative when guided by a knowledgeable artist.
- Learn the meanings: Don’t combine motifs from different islands without understanding; what signifies protection in one culture could be inappropriate in another.
Design and planning tips for a polynesian tattoo
- Tell your story: Share personal milestones, values, and ancestry so the artist can compose patterns that reflect you.
- Prioritize flow: Panels should align with muscle lines around the shoulder, chest, hip, and thigh for cohesive movement.
- Go for readable scale: Fine tapping patterns need enough space to heal crisp; avoid micro details that may blur.
- Consider commitment: Large pe’a- or thigh-panel projects may take multiple sessions and require dedicated aftercare.
Aftercare and longevity
- Healing: Clean gently, moisturize lightly, avoid friction and submersion until healed (2–3 weeks).
- Sun care: Apply SPF 30+ after healing; black-and-geometry-rich polynesian tattoo work maintains contrast best with UV protection.
- Touch-ups: Dense patterns usually age well; occasional refreshes can restore crisp edges.
Key takeaway
- What are Polynesian tattoos called? There isn’t a single name. A polynesian tattoo may be called tatau (Samoa, Tonga, Tahiti), tā moko (Māori), kakau (Hawaii), or patutiki (Marquesas), each with distinct meanings and protocols. For an authentic, respectful polynesian tattoo, use the correct cultural term, collaborate with a qualified practitioner, and ensure the motifs and placement honor the tradition and your personal story.
